Photo: Jay Blakesberg

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Here is a fun and fascinating Jerry Garcia interview that ran in August 1995 issue of Relix (the issue hit newsstands before the musician’s death on August 9).

David Jay Brown and Rebecca Novick spoke with Garcia in the context of their writings, which explore science, religion and consciousness.
Jerry: I’ll take off my glasses. They don’t convey much humanity.
David: Jerry, how did you start playing music?
Jerry: My father was a professional musician, my mother was an amateur. I grew up in a musical household and took piano lessons as far back as I can remember. There was never a time in my life that music wasn’t a part of.
The first time I decided that music was something I wanted to do, apart from just being surrounded by it, was when I was about 15. I developed this deep craving to play the electric guitar. I fell in love with rock ‘n’ roll, I wanted to make that sound so badly. So I got a pawn shop electric guitar and a little amplifier and I started without the benefit of anybody else around me who played the guitar or any books.
My step-father put it in an open tuning of some kind and I taught myself how to play by ear. I did that for about a year until I ran into a kid at school who knew three chords on the guitar and also the correct way to tune it. That’s when I started to play around at it, then I picked things up. I never took lessons or anything.
David: Who particularly inspired you?
Jerry: Actually, no particular musician inspired me, apart from maybe Chuck Berry. But all of the music from the ‘50s inspired me. I didn’t really start to get serious about music until I was 18 and I heard my first bluegrass music. I heard Earl Scruggs play five-string banjo and I thought, that’s something I have to be able to do. I fell in love with the sound and I started earnestly trying to do exactly what I was hearing. That became the basis for everything else—that was my model.
Rebecca: Jumping ahead a few years. During the ‘60s, you played a lot of acid-tests when you could fit all your equipment into a single truck. How do you compare those early days to now? Do you enjoy it as much?
Jerry: Well, in some ways it’s better and in some ways it’s not. The thing that was fun about those days was that nothing was expected of us. We didn’t have to play. (Laughter) We weren’t required to perform. People came to acid-tests for the acid-test, not for us.
So there were times when we would play two or three tunes or even a couple of notes and just stop. We’d say, “To hell with it, we don’t feel like playing!” It was great to have that kind of freedom because before that we were playing five sets a night, fifty minutes on, ten minutes off every hour. We were doing that six nights a week and then usually we’d have another afternoon gig and another night-time gig on Sunday. So we were playing a lot!
So all of a sudden, you’re at the acid-test and hey, you didn’t even have to play. Also we weren’t required to play anything even acceptable. We could play whatever we wanted. So it was a chance to be completely free-form on every level. As far as a way to break out from an intensely formal kind of experience, it was just what we needed, because we were looking to break out.
Rebecca: And you’re still able to maintain that free-form style to a certain extent even though you’re now more restricted by scheduling and order.
Jerry: Well, also we’re required to be competent, but the sense of accomplishment has improved a lot. Now when we play, the worst playing we do isn’t too bad. So the lowest level has come way up, and statistically the odds have improved in our favor.
Rebecca: What do you think it is about the Grateful Dead that has allowed you the lasting popularity which has spanned generations?
Jerry: I wish I knew. (Laughter)
Rebecca: Do you think you can define it?
Jerry: I don’t know whether I want to, particularly. Part of its magic is that we’ve always avoided defining any part of it, and the effect seems to be that in not defining it, it becomes everything. I prefer that over anything that I might think of.
David: When you say everything, do you mean something different for everyone?
Jerry: Well, that’s one way of saying it, yeah. But the other way of looking at it, from a purely musical point of view, is that it becomes a full-range experience. There’s nothing that we won’t try. It means everything available to us. It also works from an audience point of view, too. We’re whatever the audience wants us to be, we’re whatever they think we are.
Rebecca: Do you think there is a timeless quality about your music that appeals to people?
Jerry: I’d like to believe there’s something like that, but I have no idea, really. There is a human drive to celebrate and we provide ritual celebration in a society that doesn’t have much of it. It really should be part of religion. It happens to work for us because people have learned to trust the environment that it occurs in.
Rebecca: Do you feel at all disillusioned at the rate of social evolution? In the ‘60s, many people thought that massive social change was just around the corner?
Jerry: I never was that optimistic. I never thought that things were going to get magically better. I thought that we were experiencing a lucky vacation from the rest of consensual reality to try stuff out. We were privileged in a sense. I didn’t have anything invested in the idea that the world was going to change. Our world certainly changed. (Laughter) Our part of it did what it was supposed to do, and it’s continuing to do it, continuing to evolve. It’s a process. I believe that if you open the door to the process, it tells you how to do it and it works. It’s a life strategy that I think anyone can employ.
David: How do you feel about the fact that many people have interpreted your music as the inspiration for a whole lifestyle—the Deadhead culture?
Jerry: Well, a little silly! (Laughter) You always feel about your own work that it’s never quite what it should be. There’s always a dissonance between what you wish was happening and what is actually happening. That’s the nature of creativity, that there’s a certain level of disappointment in there.
So, on one level it’s amusing that people make so much stuff out of this and on another level, I believe it’s their right to do that, because in a way the music belongs to them. When we’re done with it, we don’t care what happens to it. If people choose to mythologize it, it certainly doesn’t hurt us.
Rebecca: How do you feel about the fact that you enjoy such a divine-like status in the eyes of so many of your fans?
Jerry: These things are all illusions. Fame is an illusion. I know what I do and I know about how well I do it, and I know what I wish I could do. Those things don’t enter my life, I don’t buy into any of that stuff. I can’t imagine who would. Look at David Koresh. If you start believing any of that kind of stuff about yourself, where does it leave you?
David: What about the subjective experience a lot of people talk about that there’s a group-mind experience that occurs at your shows?
Jerry: That’s been frequently reported to me. In fact, even more specifically, of direct telepathic connection of some kind.
Rebecca: Do you experience that yourself?
Jerry: I can’t say that I do, because I’m in a position of causality. So, I don’t look at the audience and think, “I’m making them do what I want them to do.”
Rebecca: I’m thinking of it more as a spontaneous, non-causal experience which is being mediated by something greater than either yourself or the audience.
Jerry: You might think of it as a kind of channeling. At the highest level, I’m letting something happen—I’m not causing it to happen. We all understand that mechanism in the Grateful Dead and we also know that fundamentally we’re not responsible.
We’re opening a door, but we’re not responsible for what comes through it. So in a sense, I can’t take credit for it. We’re like a utility, like a conduit for life-energy, psychic energy—whatever it is. It’s not up to us to define it or to describe it or to enclose it in any way.
Rebecca: It’s rumored that the Grateful Dead can control the weather. Can you shed any light on this? (Laughter)
Jerry: (Laughter) No. We do not control the weather.
Rebecca: You’ve heard those rumors though?
Jerry: I’ve heard them, of course. Sometimes it seems as though we’re controlling the weather.
Rebecca: But that is synchronicity?
Jerry: It’s synchronicity, exactly.
Rebecca: So what is the relationship dynamic like between you and the audience when you’re on stage?
Jerry: When things are working right, you gain levels—it’s like bardos. The first level is simply your fundamental relationship to your instrument. When that starts to get comfortable, the next level is your relationship to the other musicians. When you’re hearing what you want to and things seem to be working the way you want them to, then it includes the audience. When it gets to that level, it’s seamless. It’s no longer an effort, it flows and it’s wide open.
Sometimes, however, when I feel that that’s happening, that music is really boring. It’s too perfect. What I like most is to be playing with total access, where anything that I try to play or want to happen, I can execute flawlessly—for me that’s the high-water mark. But perfection is always boring.
Rebecca: I’ve heard that musicians using computer synthesizers are complaining that the sound produced is so perfect that it’s uninteresting, and that manufacturers are now looking to program in human error.
Jerry: Right. I think the audience enjoys it more when it’s a little more of a struggle.
David: What is it that you feel is missing in that case?
Jerry: Tension.
David: Tension between what and what?
Jerry: The tension between trying to create something and creating something, between succeeding and failing. Tension is a part of what makes music work—tension and release, or if you prefer, dissonance and resonance, or suspension and completion.
David: Joseph Campbell, the renowned mythologist, attended a number of your shows.
Jerry: He loved it. For him, it was the bliss he’d been looking for. “This is the antidote to the atom bomb,” he said at one time.
David: He also described it as a modern-day shamanic ritual, and I’m wondering what your thoughts are about the association between music, consciousness and shamanism.
Jerry: If you can call drumming music, music has always been a part of it. It’s one of the things that music can do—it can transport. That’s what music should do at it’s best—it should be a transforming experience. The finest, the highest, the best music has that quality of transporting you to other levels of consciousness.

David: Do you feel sometimes at your shows that you’re guiding people or taking people on a journey through those levels?
Jerry: In a way, but I don’t feel like I’m guiding anybody. I feel like I’m sort of stumbling along and a lot of people are watching me or stumbling with me or allowing me to stumble for them. I don’t feel like, here we are, I’m the guide and come on you guys, follow me. I do that, but I don’t feel that I’m particularly better at it than anybody else.
For example, here’s something that used to happen all the time. The band would check into a hotel. We’d get our room-key and then we’d go to the elevator. Well, a lot of times, we didn’t have a clue where the elevator was. So, what used to happen was that everybody would follow me, thinking that I would know. I’d be walking around thinking, “Why the fuck is everybody following me?” (Laughter) So, if nobody else does it, I’ll start something—it’s a knack.
David: A lot of people are looking for someone to follow.
Jerry: Yeah. I don’t mind being that person, but it doesn’t mean that I’m good at it or that I know where I’m going or anything else. It doesn’t require competence, it only requires the gesture.
David: Is there any planning involved about choosing songs in a certain sequence to take people on a journey?
Jerry: Sometimes we plan, but more often than not we find that when we do, we change our plans. Sometimes we talk down a skeleton of the second set, to give ourselves some form—but it depends. The important thing is that it not be dull and that the experience of playing doesn’t get boring. Being stale is death. So we do whatever we can to keep it spontaneous and amusing for us.
Rebecca: You play more live shows than any other band I know of. How do you manage to keep that spontaneity? Is this a natural talent you’ve always had or is it something you’ve had to work to achieve?
Jerry: Part of it is that we’re just constitutionally unable to repeat anything exactly. Everyone in the band is so pathologically anti-authoritarian, that the idea of doing something exactly the same way is an anathema—it will never happen. (Laughter) So that’s our strong suit—the fact that we aren’t consistent. It used to be that sometimes we reached wonderful levels or else we played really horribly, terribly badly. Now we’ve got to be competent at our worst. (Laughter)
Rebecca: How do you compare a Grateful Dead show to a rave? There seems to be strong similarities between them.
Jerry: Well, if we would let people get up out of the audience and add their two-cents worth, then it would be kind of similar. The acid-test was like a rave, the same sort of idea.
David: Do you see the acid-tests or Grateful Dead shows as being an inspiration for the raves or do you think it goes back to something more ancient, more tribal?
Jerry: Back in the ‘50s, there was a place in North Beach called The Place. They used to have blabber-mouth night and everybody could get up that wanted to and rave for ten minutes. I don’t believe it’s something new, but I think the modern version of it is a spill-off from the stand-up comedy explosion. Plus, there’s been a resurgence of poetry-readings and performance art.
David: I’m curious about how psychedelics influenced not only your music but your whole philosophy of life.
Jerry: Psychedelics were probably the single most significant experience in my life. Otherwise, I think I would be going along believing that this visible reality here is all that there is. Psychedelics didn’t give me any answers. What I have is a lot of questions. One thing I’m certain of; the mind is an incredible thing and there are levels of organizations of consciousness that are way beyond what people are fooling with in day to day reality.
David: How did psychedelics influence your music before and after?
Jerry: Phew! I can’t answer that. There was a me before psychedelics and a me after psychedelics, that’s the best I can say. I can’t say that it affected the music specifically, it affected the whole me. The problem of playing music is essentially of muscular development and that is something you have to put in the hours to achieve no matter what. There isn’t something that strikes you and suddenly you can play music.
David: You’re talking about learning the technique, but what about the inspiration behind the technique?
Jerry: I think that psychedelics was part of music for me insofar as I’m a person who was looking for something and psychedelics and music are both part of what I was looking for. They fit together, although one didn’t cause the other.
Rebecca: If you were made Clinton’s drug-policy advisor, what would you do?
Jerry: I would make everything legal immediately.
Rebecca: Now when you say that, do you mean readily available to everybody without restrictions?
Jerry: Yes, because the first thing to do is to take the criminality out of it. Take the profit out of it and the whole criminal structure will collapse. The next part is the health aspect, making drugs that are clean and in knowable, understandable doses. Why not spend research money on making drugs that are good for you, that are healthy? Is the problem that we don’t like changing consciousness? I don’t think that’s a good enough reason not to have drugs.
The point is, humans love to change their consciousness and so there will always be drugs. You can either deal with this situation by acknowledging it, or you can pretend it’s not real and outlaw it. If you’re going to make laws about what human beings should and shouldn’t do, you need to have a template.
You have to be able to say what humans are and what they’re capable of without moral imperatives. You have to start with what humans are really like, not what we wish they were like or what Western civilization or Judeo-Christian doctrine wishes they were like—but what they are like.

Jerry: I don’t think they’re doing it on purpose, it’s just part of the traditional way to act. It’s part of that questionable quality called “responsibility,” of somebody thinking that somebody should behave themselves somewhere. The ideas about what that means are very narrow and sadly in need of rethinking.
Rebecca: So even hardened addicts—and now, of course, I’m talking about heroin, cocaine and crack users—have a right to use these drugs if this is what they feel they need to do, in the same way that society allows for people to become alcoholics?
Jerry: Why not? What’s the objection?
David: Well, the objection would be that it puts a strain on society. If addicts need medical care, it has to come out of the tax-payers money.
Jerry: I think addicts represent so little in the way of medical care. If society is worrying about taking care of people or not, it could start anywhere. Part of the whole rehabilitation of people is taking them out of the criminal spiral of having to get money to score their dope. If addicts have the drugs they need, it may be possible for them to get steady enough to start doing regular stuff like holding down a job.
Rebecca: Just such a system has been put into effect in England, after they gave up on the war-on-drugs approach, and it’s proven to be a success. People are overcoming their addictions while maintaining their self-esteem. They’re allowed to remain with their families and are able to hold down regular jobs.
Jerry: Right. There’s nothing that says you can’t be productive if you’re an addict. The problem is the illegality. It puts such a stress on the whole system. The war on drugs is a failure, but people will never admit this.
Rebecca: Isn’t part of the drug problem also the social environment we’ve created for those less fortunate, the dog-eat-dog attitude of capitalist philosophy? Psychedelics are so different from a drug like crack. You use psychedelics to expand your experience of life, but many people use drugs to deaden an otherwise painful existence.
Jerry: Perhaps. But if life is miserable, what’s wrong with adding a buffer to it so that your experience of it is a little gentler?
Rebecca: Do you have hope that the legalization of drugs will come about?
Jerry: I have hope that something like that might happen some day, but I don’t think it will, not realistically, not as long as there are people in power who believe that they know how other people should behave.
Rebecca: What would you say to someone who described the Grateful Dead as simply a grand nostalgia trip?
Jerry: Well, that’s certainly an opinion. I don’t think anybody who comes to our shows would see that. First of all, there are kids at our shows. It’s not nostalgia for them—it’s happening now.
Rebecca: But they might be nostalgic for what they missed out on in the ‘60s.
Jerry: That might be, but I don’t think that’s the case. The Grateful Dead has evolved—it does things. It isn’t a steady-state, it’s not a remnant. Really, the whole thing has been slowly growing all this time. It didn’t level off at some point and then people started re-energizing it, it’s been gradually picking up energy.
David: When you project into the future, how do you see your music evolving?
Jerry: I have no idea. I was never able to predict it in the past, I certainly don’t feel confident to predict it now.
David: Did you ever imagine it would get this far?
Jerry: Oh God, no! It exceeded my best expectations 15, 20 years ago. We’re way past the best I could come up with. (Laughter)
David: How did you come up with the name the Grateful Dead?
Jerry: We called ourselves the Warlocks and we found out that some other band had that name so we were trying to come up with a new one. I picked up a dictionary and literally the first thing I saw when I looked down at the page was the Grateful Dead. It was a little creepy, but I thought it was a striking combination of words.
Nobody in the band liked it, I didn’t like it either, but it got around that that was one of the candidates for our new name and everybody else said, “Yeah, that’s great.” It turned out to be tremendously lucky. It’s just repellent enough to filter curious onlookers and just quirky enough that parents don’t like it. (Laughter)
David: What’s your concept of God, if you have one?
Jerry: I was raised a Catholic, so it’s very hard for me to get out of that way of thinking. Fundamentally, I’m a Christian in that I believe that to love your enemy is a good idea somehow. Also, I feel that I’m enclosed within a Christian framework so huge that I don’t believe it’s possible to escape it, it’s so much a part of the western point of view. So I admit it, and I also believe that real Christianity is okay. I just don’t like the exclusivity clause.
But as far as God goes, I think that there is a higher order of intelligence; something along the lines of whatever it is that makes the DNA work. Whatever it is that keeps our bodies functioning and our cells changing, the organizing principle—whatever it is that created all these wonderful life-forms that we’re surrounded by in its incredible detail.
There’s definitely a huge vast wisdom of some kind at work here. Whether it’s personal—whether there’s a point of view in there, or whether we’re the point of view, I think is up for discussion. I don’t believe in a supernatural being.

Rebecca: What about your personal experience of what you may have described as God?
Jerry: I’ve been spoken to by a higher order of intelligence—I thought it was God. It was a very personal God in that it had exactly the same sense of humor that I have. (Laughter) I interpret that as being the next level of consciousness, but maybe there’s a hierarchical set of consciousness. My experience is that there is one smarter than me, that can talk to me, and there’s also the biological one that I spoke about.
David: Do you feel that there’s a divine plan at work in nature?
Jerry: I don’t know about a plan. I don’t know whether it cares to express itself that way or even if matters such as developmental constructs along time have any relevance to this particular God point of view. It may be a steady-state God that exists out beyond space-time, beyond our experience, or around it, or contemporary with it, or it may function in the moment—I have no idea.
Rebecca: I understand that you became very ill a few years ago and came very close to death. I’m interested in how that experience affected your attitude to life.
Jerry: It’s still working on me. I made a decision somewhere along the line to survive, but I didn’t have a near-death experience in the classical sense. I came out of it feeling fragile, but I’m not afraid of death.
Rebecca: Were you afraid of death before?
Jerry: I can’t say that I was, actually. But it did make me want to focus more attention on the quality of life. So I feel like now I have to get serious about being healthful. If I’m going to be alive, I want to feel well. I never had to think about it too much before, but finally mortality started to catch up with me.
David: You say that you didn’t have a near death experience, but did anything happen that gave you any unusual insights?
Jerry: Well, I had some very weird experiences. My main experience was one of furious activity and tremendous struggle in a sort of futuristic, space-ship vehicle with insectoid presences. After I came out of my coma, I had this image of myself as these little hunks of protoplasm that were stuck together kind of like stamps with perforations between them that you could snap off. (Laughter)
They were run through with neoprene tubing, and there were these insects that looked like cockroaches which were like message-units that were kind of like my bloodstream. That was my image of my physical self and this particular feeling lasted a long time. It was really strange.
David: That sounds really similar to a DMT experience.
Jerry: It was DMT-like as far as the intensity was concerned, but it lasted a couple of days!
David: Did it affect what you think might happen after death?
Jerry: No. It just gave me a greater admiration for the incredible baroque possibilities of mentation. The mind is so incredibly weird. The whole process of going into coma was very interesting, too. It was a slow onset—it took about a week—and during this time I started feeling like the vegetable kingdom was speaking to me.
It was communicating in comic dialect in iambic pentameter. So there were these Italian accents and German accents and it got to be this vast gabbling. Potatoes and radishes and trees were all speaking to me. (Laughter) It was really strange. It finally just reached hysteria and that’s when I passed out and woke up in the hospital.
David: Do you feel that psychedelics might be a way for the vegetable kingdom to communicate with humans?
Jerry: I like that thought, but I don’t know if it’s true. The thing is that there’s no way to prove this stuff. I would love it if somebody would put the energy into studying the mind and psychedelics to the extent where we could start to talk about these things and somebody could even throw forth a few suggestions as to what might be happening. There’s no body of information—we need more research. These are questions that we should be asking, this is the important stuff.
Rebecca: And when you came out of your coma, did you come out of it in stages?
Jerry: I was pretty scrambled. It was as though in my whole library of information, all the books had fallen off the shelves and all the pages had fallen out of the books. I would speak to people and know what I meant to say, but different words would come out. So I had to learn everything over again. I had to learn how to walk, play the guitar, everything.
Rebecca: Did you always have faith that you would access it again? It didn’t scare you, the idea that you might have lost it forever?
Jerry: I didn’t care. When your memory’s gone, you don’t care because you don’t remember when you had one. (Laughter)
David: What do you think happens to consciousness after death?
Jerry: It probably dies with the body. Why would it exist apart from the body?
David: People have had experiences of feeling like they’re out of their body.
Jerry: That’s true. But unfortunately, the only ones who have gone past that are still dead. (Laughter) I don’t know what consciousness is apart from a physical being. I once slipped out of my body accidentally. I was at home watching television and I slid out through the soles of my feet. All of a sudden, I was hovering up by the ceiling looking down at myself. So I know that I can disembody myself somehow from my physical self, but more than that I have no way of knowing.

Jerry: It may happen in a very large way. It may be that part of all the DNA-coding, the specific memory, returns. There’s definitely information in my mind that did not come from this lifetime. Not only is there some, but there’s tons of it! Enormous, vast reservoirs.
Dreams are kind of a clue. What are these organizing principles that make it so you experience these realities that are as emotionally as real as this life is? You can feel grief or be frightened in a dream just as badly as you can in this life. And the psychedelic experience is similar in that it has the power to convince you of its authenticity. It’s hard to ignore that once you have experienced it.
Rebecca: What does the term consciousness mean to you?
Jerry: I go along with the notion that the universe wants consciousness in it, that it’s part of the evolutionary motion of the universe and that we represent the universe’s consciousness. Why it wants it, I don’t know, but it seems to want it.
Here’s the reason I believe this. If the point of an organism is survival, why go any further than sharks or simple-minded predators that survive perfectly beautifully? Why continue throwing out possibilities? So my sense is that conceivably, there is some purpose or design. Why monkeys with big heads? Because that’s the most convenient consciousness-carrier, perhaps.
Rebecca: Do you think that humans are evolving en masse to be more conscious?
Jerry: I do think there’s a drive towards more consciousness. There are huge setbacks all the way along, but all the aberrations that we see, holy wars etcetera, are metaphors for more consciousness. They are expressed as conflict because we haven’t come up with enough good models to express it in other ways. We are it. We’re the same stuff as stars and galaxies, so we’re indivisibly part of it. We’re the part that speaks, that plays music, that creates abstractions.
The atomic bomb is a good metaphor for consciousness. If you are able to describe a possible way that things work in this universe with enough rigor inside some kind of belief system, you’re going to be the creator of fundamental change expressed as a huge eruption of energy.
You have to have the idea first about energy and mass. Once that idea is expressed perfectly enough, then it’s possible to create something that will do it physically. So the atomic bomb is a physical model of the mind gaining control of the material world. The question is are we able to do it without blowing ourselves to smithereens?
David: Are you talking about being able to organize reality the way we want, say with nano-technology?
Jerry: Yes, that would be a good example. If the universe’s mind—meaning us—is able to say what it wants about itself, to describe itself well enough, it can make decisions about where it’s going and what it’s doing—consciously. That’s like bringing the big mind and the little mind together.
David: Have you had any experiences where you felt you were in contact with extra-terrestrials or multi-dimensionals—beings not of this world?
Jerry: I can’t say not of this world. I believe that anything that I was ever in touch with was fundamentally a part of this world. I would even go further to say that the concept of extra-terrestrial is not applicable in this universe. Everything in this universe is part of this universe.
David: Have you ever felt like you’ve been in communication with beings of a higher intelligence than humans?
Jerry: I’ve had direct communication with something which is higher than me. I don’t know what it is, it may be another part of my mind. There’s no way for me to filter it out because it’s in my head. It’s the thing that’s able to take bits and pieces of things and give me large messages. To me, they are messages as clear as someone speaking in my ear, they’re that well-expressed and they have all the detail that goes along with it.
Sometimes it comes in the form of an actual voice and sometimes it comes in the form of a hugeness, a huge presence that uses all of the available sensory material to express an idea. And when I get the idea it’s like, dah! Oh, I get it! And it’s accompanied by that hollow mocking laughter. You stupid fuck! You finally got it, uh. Geez, it’s about time. (Laughter) For me, enlightenment works that way, but it’s definitely a higher order of self-organization that communicates stuff.
My psychedelic experiences were sequential. They started at a place and they went through a series of progressive learning steps. When they stopped happening it was like, this is the end of the message—now you’re just playing around. That was when psychedelics stopped having the relevance they originally had. It lasted for about a year, I’d say.
David: What do you think a Grateful Dead show in Virtual Reality would be like?
Jerry: Deadheads would want to be part of the band, I would imagine. I think it would be fun if they could be, because it would make them see the experience differently. But I think they would be disappointed if they saw our version of it.
Rebecca: Why do you think that?
Jerry: I don’t know why. Remember, I don’t know what the Grateful Dead are like, I’ve never seen the Grateful Dead, so I don’t know what it is that the people in the audience experience which they value so highly.

Rebecca: You facilitate the potential for an experience. People have full-on religious experiences at your shows; they pass-out, speak in tongues and are even picked up by flying saucers. Are you aware of the impact you have on people’s minds?
Jerry: Not like that. I’ve made an effort to not be aware of it because it’s perilously close to fascism. If I started to think about controlling that power or somehow trying to fiddle around with it, then it would become fascism.
Rebecca: Have you ever been tempted to dabble in the power?
Jerry: Oh, yeah. For the first 18 years or so, I had a lot of doubts about the Grateful Dead. I thought that maybe this is a bad thing to be doing, because I was aware of the power. So I did a lot of things to sabotage it, I thought, “Fuck this! I won’t be a part of this.” I dragged my feet as much as possible, but it still kept happening! So, in that way, I was able to filter myself out of it and think, “well, it’s not me. Phew! What a relief!”
Rebecca: When you said before that you weren’t responsible, you were saying it in a very modest way—I’m not responsible for the wonderful experiences people are having—but at the same time, you’re also shedding responsibility for the negative experiences.
Jerry: Absolutely. It’s a cop-out. I don’t want to be responsible. But this is also something I learned from my psychedelic experience, you don’t want to be the king, you don’t want to be the president because then you’re responsible for everybody!
Rebecca: Have you heard of the Spinners? They wear long dresses and do this whirling dervish dance at Dead shows.
Jerry: They’re kind of like our Sufis. I think it’s really neat that there’s a place where they can be comfortable enough to do something with such abandon. It’s nice to provide that. That’s one of the things I’m really proud of the Grateful Dead for, because it’s kind of like free turf.
Rebecca: It doesn’t bother you that they use you as their religious focus?
Jerry: Well, I’ll put up with it until they come to me with the cross and nails. (Laughter)
Rebecca: What are your priorities now? Are they very different from what they were 20 years ago?
Jerry: Not very. Basically, I’m trying to stay out of trouble. I’m trying to play well. For me, playing music is a learning experience and it’s satisfying to me to still be learning stuff. Also, my object is to have as much fun as I possibly can. That’s a key ingredient.
Rebecca: Some people believe that this is a pivotal time in history. Do you feel there is a New Age or, to use Terence McKenna’s term, an Archaic Revival coming about?
Jerry: Sure, I’ll go along with that—I love that stuff. I’m a Terence McKenna fan. I prefer to believe that we’re winding up rather than winding down. And this idea of the 2012 when everything tops out, well, I would love to be here for it. I’ll buy into that belief—I don’t want to miss it! It’s like the millennium. At this point, it’s a matter of personal pride. We have to survive, the band has to be able to play to at least to the turn of the millennium.
Rebecca: What do you think that the future of the human race depends upon?
Jerry: Getting off this lame fucking trip, this egocentric bullshit. There’s entirely too many monkeys on this mudball and that’s going to be a real problem. People have to get smart. I’ve always thought that the thing to do is something really chaotic and crazy like head off into space. That’s something that would keep everyone real busy and would also distribute more bodies out there.
Otherwise, we end up staying here and kill each other and damage the planet. I’ve gotten into scuba-diving so I’ve developed a great affection for the ocean. I just don’t want to see it get worse than it is. I’d like to think we could get smart enough sometime soon to make things better than they are instead of worse.
Rebecca: When people say they’re optimistic for the future, they usually mean the future of the human race. But you can be optimistic about life and perhaps, pessimistic about the future of the human race.
Jerry: I think the earth doesn’t have any real problems in the long run—I think we’re just another disturbance. I don’t think even we can really fuck up the earth.

Jerry: It’s arrogant but I think we should develop it anyway.
David: How did you get involved in helping to save the rainforest?
Jerry: Well, I remember we started hearing about these things 25, 30 years ago almost. So we thought maybe we should call attention to this. Then there was the matter of finding out who the true players were, because there are a lot of bullshitters in the environmental movement, there are a lot of frauds.
You have to really go into it to find out who’s really doing stuff and also who has the right perspective. So for us, it was about a two year process of finding the players and then getting them to agree to work together so we could do something that would matter. I think everybody wants to do stuff about these problems. We didn’t want to just call attention to how powerless everybody is, instead we wanted to do some things that were really hands on using direct action, and it’s worked out quite well.
Rebecca: Can you tell us about any current projects that you’re involved in?*
Jerry: I’m involved in an interesting project with a little symphony orchestra down the peninsula called The Redwood Symphony. I’m getting about five or six musicians to write pieces for me and this orchestra. Danny Elfman is one, David Byrne seems to want to do one. Bob Bralove, David Grisman…The interesting part about it for me is that my oldest daughter plays first violinist with this orchestra. So it’ll be kind of fun to be involved in a project where she and I play together.
Rebecca: That sounds wonderful. What are some of the basic messages in your music?
Jerry: We’ve always avoided putting any kind of message in there, (Laughter) but I find myself more comfortable with committing to emotional truths as life goes on. I’m not an actor so I can’t get on stage and sing a song that doesn’t have some emotional reality for me. Sometimes it’s only something about the sound of the lyrics, it may not be the sense of it at all, but there has to be something in there that’s real for me.
Hunter’s really good about writing into my beliefs—he understands the way I think and he knows me well enough to know what I’ll do and what I won’t do. He knows that I’m always going to be battling with my intelligence about whether I can sing this lyric or if I’m going to feel like an idiot singing it. It has to resonate in some way.
Rebecca: I’ve been impressed throughout this interview by your modesty. How have you managed to remain so unaffected by your fame?
Jerry: If you were me, you’d be modest, too. (Laughter) Deadheads are very kind. When they enter my private life, they almost always say, “I just want to thank you for the music, I don’t want to bother you.” When I feel that I really don’t want to know about it, I just tell them. I treat everybody who speaks to me with respect. I’ve never been hurt by anybody or threatened in any way so I have no cause to be afraid of this kind of stuff. It just isn’t part of my life most of the time.
Besides, I’m kind of like a good-ol’ celebrity. People think they know me. It’s not like, “Oh gosh! Look who it is!” It’s more like, “Hi, how ya doin’?” I’m a comfortable celebrity. It’s very hard to take the fame seriously and I don’t think anybody wants me to. What’s it good for? The best thing about it is that you get to meet famous people and you get to play with wonderful musicians.
Rebecca: If you hadn’t been a musician, what might you have been?
Jerry: I’d be an artist. I was an art student and that was where I was going in my life before music sort of seduced me.
David: What inspired you to design a line of ties?
Jerry: I don’t really have any control over them, they’re just extracted from my artwork. I don’t design ties, for God’s sake! (Laughter)
Rebecca: You mentioned earlier about how something that you could call God had the same sense of humor as you. Some people get extremely fractured as a result of intense psychic happenings and I was wondering how you feel about the importance of humor when faced with such mind-blowing experiences?
Jerry: I think humor is incredibly important. It’s fundamental. You have to be able to laugh at yourself and your place in the universe.
Rebecca: What do you think happens when you lose your sense of humor?
Jerry: Well, at the very least , you won’t have much fun. (Laughter) Humor characterizes consciousness. For me, life would be so empty without humor—it would be unbearable, it would be like life without music.